NCETMB Practice Test Questions #3

More questions of the type you'll encounter on your massage certification exam.

1. Which of the following describes epithelia tissue that is flat and scalelike?
a.Squamous.
b. Cuboidal.
d.Columnar.
d. Transitional.

2. Which system includes oil glands?
a.Integumentary.
b. Skeletal.
d.Reproductive.
d. Lymphatic.

3. Which of the following risk factors of disease cannot be controlled by the individual?
a.Lifestyle.
b. Genetic.
d.Environment.
d. Stress.

4. Which of the following membranes are only found within closed cavities?
a.Cutaneous.
b. Serous.
d.Mucous.
d. Connective.

5. Which of the following membranes line surfaces that open to the outside of the body?
a.Cutaneous.
b. Serous.
d.Mucous.
d. Connective.

6. What is the unit within each skeletal muscle fiber?
a.Microfilaments.
b. Bursae.
d.Myofilaments.
d. Actin.

7. What are the muscles of the trunk from deep to superior?
a.Internal oblique, Transversus abdominis, Rectus abdominis, External oblique.
b. External oblique, Internal oblique, Transversus abdominis, Rectus abdominis.
d.Rectus abdominis, Internal oblique, Transversus abdominis, External oblique
d. Transversus abdominis, Internal oblique, Rectus abdominis, External oblique.

8. Which of the following is not a part of the adductor group for the lower extremities?
a.Adductor longus.
b. Gracilis.
d.Iliopsoas.
d. Pectineus.

9. If a runner injures their biceps femoris, what will they likely be unable to do?
a.Flex their arm.
b. Flex their knee.
d.Flex their wrist.
d. Flex their foot.

10. Which of the following is not found in a long bone of an adult?
a.Diaphysis.
b. Epiphysis.
d.Epiphyseal plate.
d. Yellow marrow.

Answer Key

1. A
2. A
3. B
4. B
5. C
6. C
7. D
8. C
9. B
10. C

Explanation of Answers

1. A: Squamous epithelial tissue is flat and scale-like. This type of tissue can be found in the air sacs of the lungs. This tissue is typically seen as a very thin layer and is able to absorb oxygen and pass it into the blood stream. Other tissue types include the cuboidal, which is cube shaped, columnar, which is high and wide, and transitional, which is able to stretch and therefore may vary in shape. In addition to the types of epithelial tissues, they can also be found in varying arrangements including simple and stratified.

2. A: The integumentary system includes the body’s oil glands as well as the skin, hair, nails, sense receptors, and sweat glands. This system accounts for approximately 16% of the average person’s body weight and may weigh approximately 20 pounds for an average-size adult. This system is the body’s first line of defense against toxins and other contaminants as well as protects the organs from physical damage. The oil glands in this system serve to provide moisture to the skin. Also included in this system are sense organs and other sensors that serve to regulate the body and maintain homeostasis.

3. B: There are a number of risk factors for disease, some of which can be controlled for and some which cannot be controlled for. Those that cannot be controlled for include genetic factors. These risk factors are passed on from generation to generation in the DNA. On the other hand, risk factors such as lifestyle, stress, and environment can be controlled for. For example, lifestyle risk factors such as smoking, excessive sun tanning, and poor diet will put an individual at a higher risk of some diseases. Stress can also increase one’s risk for disease. Finally, although not all environmental conditions can be controlled for, it is possible for humans to change their environment in order to reduce risk factors.

4. B: Serous membranes are found within closes cavities. This type of membrane is made up of two thin layers of tissue, one layer being simple squamous and the other layer being connective tissue. The connective tissue, which is on the bottom, serves to support cells. These membranes are named specifically based on their location in the body. For example, the serous membranes that cover body cavities are called parietal, whereas those that cover organs are called visceral. These membranes serve to reduce friction between organs by producing and releasing a lubricant.

5. C: The mucous membranes are those that open to the outside of the body. This will include the respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts. The makeup of mucous membranes will depend on the location of the membrane and can range from stratified squamous membranes found in the esophagus, to simple columnar membranes found in the digestive tract. These membranes remain moist due to the thick mucus of which they are comprised. In addition, the point at which the skin and the mucus membrane meet is referred to as mucocutaneous and are typically located around openings on the body.

6. C: Myofilaments are structures or units within each skeletal muscle fiber. Within each muscle fiber, myofilaments may be thick or thin. Thick myofilaments produce the protein myosin, whereas thin myofilaments produce the protein actin. Additionally, the unit of both thick and thin myofilaments is referred to as a sarcomere. As the muscle contracts the myofilaments attach and pull on each other. As the muscle relaxes, the myofilaments release. Calcium and energy, supplied by the breakdown of ATP, are both necessary for this process to work. This is also known was the sliding filament model.

7. D: There are four main muscles of the trunk and from deep to superior are transversus abdominis, internal oblique, rectus abdominis, and external oblique. The transversus abdominis, internal oblique, and external oblique muscles function to compress the abdomen and all have an insertion point at the midline of the abdomen. The external oblique muscles have an origin at the lower thoracic cage. The internal oblique muscles have an origin at the pelvis. The transversus abdominis has an origin at the ribs, vertebrae, and the pelvis. Finally, the rectus abdominis functions to flex the trunk and has an insertion at the lower rib cage and an origin at the pubis.

8. C: The Iliopsoas is not a part of the adductor group for the lower extremities. Rather, this muscle serves to flex the thigh or the trunk and has an insertion at the femur and an origin at the ilium and vertebrae. Additionally, this muscle functions to stabilize the trunk. The adductor longus, gracilis, and pectineus are all adductor muscles. The adductor longus and the pectineus have an insertion at the femur and an origin at the pubis. The gracilis has an insertion at the tibia and an origin at the pubis

9. B: The biceps femoris is a part of the hamstring group that functions to flex the knee. This muscle has an insertion at the tibia and an origin at the ischium. Other muscles in this group include the semimembranosus with an insertion at the tibia and an origin at the ischium and the semitendinosus, with an insertion at the fibula and an origin at the ischium and femur. For a runner, these muscles are very important because they work while running. Injury to muscles in the hamstring groups often occur due to strain, or overexertion of the muscle, or pulling one of the muscles.

10. C: The epiphyseal plate is not found in the long bone of an adult. Rather, what is found is the epiphyseal line. The difference between the two is that the epiphyseal plate is made of cartridge and the epiphyseal line has become ossified bone. This ossification of bone occurs during growth and once all of the cartilage has turned into bone, growth stops. Other structures in the long bone include the epiphysis (at the end), spongy bone (found in the epiphysis), red marrow (in the spongy bone), compact bone (consisting of the diaphysis), the periosteum and endosteum (outer and inner layers), and the medullary cavity (hollow inner part of the long bone).